An Assessment of UN Policies on Fossil Emission and Climate Change: Implications on the National Security of US, 2010-2023

Abstract

The problem of climate change poses a significant threat to global stability and security, with the United States facing unique challenges due to its reliance on fossil fuels and its role as a major global emitter. Despite numerous international agreements and policies spearheaded by the United Nations (UN) aimed at curbing fossil fuel emissions and mitigating climate change, substantial obstacles persist. These include political resistance, economic dependence on fossil fuels, disparities between developed and developing nations, and technical implementation issues. The period from 2010 to 2023 has been particularly critical, marked by significant international efforts like the Paris Agreement and ongoing COP meetings. The effectiveness of these UN policies in reducing emissions and their broader implications for U.S. national security remain crucial areas of investigation. Understanding how these international frameworks impact U.S. economic resilience, energy security, military readiness, and geopolitical strategy is essential for developing robust national policies that align with global climate objectives and protect national interests. Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of UN policies on fossil emission reduction and their implications for the national security of the United States from 2010 to 2023. The study is anchored on the Ecological Modernization Theory (EMT), employing a qualitative research design and content analysis method to examine relevant documents, policies, and expert opinions. The findings indicate that while UN policies have spurred significant advancements in renewable energy adoption and international cooperation, challenges such as economic and political resistance, unequal capabilities among nations, and technical barriers hinder their full potential. The conclusion emphasizes the need for stronger implementation mechanisms, increased support for developing countries, and integration of climate action into national security strategies to enhance the effectiveness of these policies. The study recommended among other things that there is need to strengthen enforcement mechanisms for UN climate agreements to ensure compliance and accountability.