Tetrad of Fallot: Modern Perspectives on Origin and Treatment

Abstract

Tetralogy of Fallot is a combined congenital heart anomaly characterized by right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic dextroposition, and right ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. Clinically, tetralogy of Fallot is manifested by early cyanosis, developmental delay, shortness of breath and dyspneic-cyanotic attacks, dizziness and fainting. Instrumental diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot includes PCG, electrocardiography, cardiac ultrasound, chest X-ray, catheterization of cardiac cavities and ventriculography. Surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot can be palliative (intersystemic anastomosis) and radical (complete surgical repair of the defect).