Recent Advances in the Surgical Management of Laryngeal Cancer: From Open Surgery to Minimally Invasive Techniques

Abstract

Laryngeal cancer is a significant oncological challenge, particularly due to its impact on vital functions such as speech, breathing, and swallowing. Over the past few decades, surgical treatment has evolved remarkably from radical, open surgeries to minimally invasive, organ-preserving techniques. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of recent developments in the surgical management of laryngeal cancer, focusing on the comparative outcomes of traditional total laryngectomy versus newer approaches such as Transoral Laser Microsurgery (TLM) and Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS). We evaluate surgical efficacy, functional outcomes, complication rates, technological innovations, patient selection criteria, and ongoing research directions. The objective is to offer a comprehensive overview for clinicians, oncologic surgeons, and researchers aiming to optimize care for patients with laryngeal carcinoma.