Biogenic Synthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles Utilizing Hibiscus Sabdariffa (Malvaceae) Flower Extract and Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using Hibiscus sabdariffa flower extract, and their antibacterial activity was assessed. The synthesis process and particle growth were investigated, with the formation of NPs confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electron microscopy studied particle morphology and size. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized ZnNPs was evaluated against various pathogenic bacteria. Increasing the concentration of ZnNPs generally leads to an increase in antibacterial activity. In some cases, ZnNPs at a concentration of 5mm exhibited antibacterial activity comparable to or even higher than that of tetracycline. This green synthesis approach utilizing Hibiscus sabdariffa flower extract presents a promising alternative for the production of effective antibacterial agents.