Elevated RBP4 Levels in Iraqi Diabetic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract

Diabetes is high blood sugar levels are a defining feature of the chronic medical condition diabetes. There are three main types of diabetes: T1DM, an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks and kills the cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin, T2DM, the most common complication in diabetics is Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) which is damage that affects the eye retina and results from increased blood Sugar in the blood and is considered to be the primary factor the leading causing blindness in diabetics and is among the most frequent microvascular complications associated with diabetes disease. Non-proliferative DR (NPDR), the early stage of the disease that can cause vision issues, and proliferative DR (PDR) are the two main forms (This level of diabetic retinopathy is further advanced). The purpose of the study was to assess how RBP4 and a few biochemical tests affected the progression of DR in T2DM patients from Iraq. The study was conducted in Diyala and Bagdad governorates. 150 participants, 100 patients with T2DM and 50 healthy control age range (40-80) years, the disease duration ranged from (1-30) years, and they were classified into two main groups patient group (DR and DWR), and the control group the study started from November 2022 to January 2023. The mean level of RBP4 increased in group DR compared with the control group and DWR groups. The statistical significance of these differences was substantial (P>0.01). The DR patients had an (HS) increase (P<0.01) in the Urea and FBG. additionally, the patients' group compared with the control had a highly significant increase in creatinine and there was a highly significant decline in the GFR (P<0.01), While, there were (NS) differences in age, gender, and uric acid (p>0.05) within the study groups.