Modern Diagnosis of Early Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
Abstract
With the introduction of Histoscan, every patient who came to our clinic with a high PSA level (or with a normal PSA level, but other examination methods suspected prostate cancer) was assigned to one of the above groups. Then the patients were examined according to the scheme developed for this study, which was a classic examination of a patient with suspected prostate cancer. The first step was a digital rectal examination (DRE). Seven (1.5%) of the 456 patients in the second group had suspicious areas for prostate cancer. In the third group of 112 patients, 17 (15.3%) DREs were suspicious for cancer. In the fourth group, during the DRE, 63 out of 70 patients had suspicious areas, that is, 87.5% of the patients in this group. In the fifth group - a conditional control group - none of the 20 patients had suspicious areas during the digital rectal examination. In the sixth group, none of the subjects had suspicious areas during the DRE.
In the first group of 67 patients, 15 (22.3%) had areas suspected of prostate cancer on digital rectal examination (Table 2). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of prostate cancer is steadily increasing worldwide and it is the third most common type of cancer in our country after malignant tumors of the lung and stomach. Up to 40% of men between 60 and 70 years of age and 70% of men over 80 years of age have prostate cancer at various stages [1, 4].
Due to the specific features of the clinical course, the prostate tumor may not only not affect the patient's well-being for many years, but also not manifest itself in any way. The results of modern studies have shown that none of the currently used non-invasive methods can provide a 100% statement about the presence of prostate cancer [2, 3].
In this context, the revolutionary HistoScan device has been developed and is successfully used to improve the diagnosis and detection of oncological processes in the prostate at early stages [5]. It is a patented technology for differentiation, characterization and imaging of prostate tissue based on ultrasound backscatter analysis. This device can perform ultrasound examination of the prostate with high accuracy and identify areas of suspicious tissue for cancer. Thus, Histoscan allows to suspect prostate cancer (stage T 1 – T 2). By presenting this information in the form of a 3D model and a map of the prostate, it is possible to determine the location and size of tumor tissue, to take targeted tissue samples during biopsy, to reduce the number of tissue columns from biopsy material, as well as reducing the non-radical state allows observation. cancer therapies, and in addition, we are considering the possibility of targeted application of Histoscan mapping during focal therapy of prostate cancer.