Congenital Cardiac Abnormalities in Children: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Abstract

The high prevalence of congenital cardiac abnormalities and the necessity of early surgical treatment due to serious health issues and incapacity in children make them a significant challenge in pediatrics. 0.7–1.7% of newborns have congenital cardiac disease, according to the WHO. The composition of childhood cardiovascular disease has evolved dramatically in the last few decades. Rheumatic diseases and infectious myocardial lesions became less common as the number of cases of CHD, cardiac arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and cardiomyopathies increased. At number two, CHD continues to be one of the top causes of infant death. Congenital cardiac illnesses account for 2.5% of deaths during the perinatal period (0.25 instances per 1000 births), 6–11% of deaths during the first year of life, and roughly 50% of deaths linked to congenital abnormalities. In this sense, the problem of examining the epidemiology and risk factors for the early onset of congenital cardiac abnormalities is still pertinent and calls for further scientific investigation.