Potential Sources and Uses of Chitin and its Polymers: a Review

Abstract

Chitin is a polysaccharide that occurs naturally and is one of the most numerous biopolymers on Earth. It can be found in arthropod exoskeletons, fungal cell walls, and some types of algae. Chitin is a linear polymer that is structurally related to cellulose. It is perfect for supporting structures in living things since it is both strong and flexible. More and more, chitin is being considered as a sustainable material because to its minimal environmental impact, bio-degradability, and renewable nature. You can easily obtain it from readily available natural sources such crustacean shells, insect exoskeletons, and fungal biomass by employing a range of chemical and biological extraction techniques. Many industries, including agriculture, food production, medicines, and biotechnology, find great value in chitin as a bio-polymer because it maintains the bio-degradability, bio-compatibility, and antibacterial qualities of the original chitin. Many fields, including food production, healthcare, packaging, and ecology, make use of it. The versatility of chitin is further enhanced by its ability for modification. Scientists have created a wide range of hydrogels, fibres, and nanoparticles based on chitin by modifying its structure. Advanced efficient production methods may be possible if researchers use genetic engineering to boost chitin yield and quality in fungal and microbial systems. Being able to be functionalized and converted into various derivatives with industry-specific features increases its potential as a green material. Chitin and related polymers are significant materials for sustainable development because of their adaptability, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness. Their use is expected to increase as extraction and modification methods become more advanced. Research on chitin and related polymers has been conducted all around the globe. This article highlights some of the new applications of chitin in fields such as nanotechnology, nanomedicine, agriculture, and environmental protection.